2013年肺癌重大進展回顧 (美國臨床腫瘤醫學會ASCO)

1. Genomic testing helps physicians match patients with targeted treatments and clinical trials: Leads to improved lung cancer survival

利用腫瘤基因檢查, 醫師可根據結果來治療病患或進行臨床試驗, 可增進肺癌病患的存活時間

(根據美國NIH的大型臨床試驗得知, 肺癌中最常見的肺腺癌, 約2/3病患可能有含有至少一種基因突變, 目前已知常見的基因突變包括 KRAS, EGFR, HER2, BRAF, PIK3CA, AKT1, MEK1, NRAS, ALK, and MET等, 根據病患腫瘤基因突變的結果有無來選擇對應的治療, 或進行相關臨床試驗, 是對病患的整體存活有幫助的) 

2. Success of the French nationwide screening for six driver mutations in patients with lung cancer.

法國對於晚期肺癌, 進行全國性1萬人大規模致癌基因研究, 所檢查基因包括EGFR, ALK, HER2, KRAS, BRAF, and PI3KCA.

(這是目前已知最大規模的肺癌基因研究試驗, 其長期追蹤結果值得關注) 

3. Results from a phase II study show dabrafenib has antitumor activity in patients with BRAF V600E–mutant NSCLC.

第二期臨床試驗發現 BRAF基因抑制劑 dabrafenib可以抑制BRAF V600E基因突變肺癌生長

(腫瘤縮小機率約54%, 相較於過去傳統單一藥物約15%, 進步許多, 其中最常反應持續時間 duration of response約11個月, 常見副作用包括降低食慾, 疲倦, 虛弱, 噁心, 其第三期臨床試驗結果值得關注) 

4. New screening strategies identify RET and ROS1 gene alterations in patients with advanced lung cancers.

在目前已知常見肺癌基因突變外(包括 EGFR, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, HER2, PIK3CA, MEK1, AKT, or ALK. ), 研究又找到了兩個常見突變基因 RET 以及ROS1 

5. FDA approves albumin-bound paclitaxel, erlotinib, and afatinib for patients with metastatic NSCLC.

FDA核准albumin-bound paclitaxel, erlotinib以及afatinib於轉移性非小細胞肺癌使用

參考資料

References

1. Johnson BE, Kris MG, Berry LD, et al:  A multicenter effort to identify driver mutations and employ targeted therapy in patients with lung adenocarcinomas: The Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium (LCMC). J Clin Oncol 31, 2013 (suppl; abstr 8019)
2.  Barlesi F, Blons H, Beau-Faller M, et al: Biomarkers (BM) France: Results of routine EGFR, HER2, KRAS, BRAF, PI3KCA mutations detection and EML4-ALK gene fusion assessment on the first 10,000 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts). J Clin Oncol 31, 2013 (suppl; abstr 8000)
3.  Planchard D, Mazieres J, Riely GI, et al:  Interim results of phase II study BRF113928 of dabrafenib in BRAF V600E mutation–positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.  J Clin Oncol 31, 2013 (suppl; abstr 8009)
4. Varella-Garcia M, Xu LG, Mahale S, et al: RET rearrangements detected by FISH in “pan-negative” lung adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 31, 2013 (suppl; abstr 8024)
5. Dela Cruz Drilon AE, Wang L, Hasanovic A, et al: Screening for RET and ROS1 fusions in an enriched cohort of pan-negative never-smokers with advanced lung adenocarcinomas to identify patients for treatment in targeted therapy trials.  J Clin Oncol 31, 2013 (suppl; abstr 8067)
6.  Ou, S-HI, Bang Y-J, Camidge DR, et al:Efficacy and safety of crizotinib in patients with advanced ROS1 -rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).J Clin Oncol 31, 2013 (suppl; abstr 8032)
7. US Food and Drug Administration: Approved Drugs: Paclitaxel (Abraxane).
8. US Food and Drug Administration: Approved Drugs: Erlotinib.
9. US Food and Drug Administration: FDA approves new treatment for a type of late-stage lung cancer.

備註: 上述僅提供參考, 建議病患仍須與自己的主治醫師討論治療方式